Issue link: http://winesandvines.uberflip.com/i/684435
June 2016 WINES&VINES 55 PRACTICAL WINERY & VINEYARD GRAPEGROWING years (see "β-Damascenone Concentration in Grapes"). Previous studies proposed that β-damascenone in grapes were formed from carotenoid degrada- tion, and instead of forming free-form β-damascenone, most of the degradation prod- ucts were transformed to β-damascenone glyco- side conjugates which would be released chemically or enzymatically during vinification and wine aging. 48,61 The concentrations of β-damascenone varied between years. Since 2010 samples were col- lected from a different vineyard than in 2011 and 2012, it is not possible to compare as clone, vine age and vine growth differences existed between the sites. However, higher concentrations of β-damascenone were observed in 2012 com- pared to 2011 at the Alpine site. This may be due to the difference in berry ripeness and the weather in those years, particularly temperatures in the ripening phase (see table on page 51). The 100% leaf-removal treatment had higher bound-form β-damascenone than the no-leaf removal treatment in all three years The wine industry has trusted Kennedy/Jenks Consultants for professional environmental engineering services since the 1950s. We specialize in providing cost-saving, sustainable solutions to meet winery needs. Wastewater Water Supply Storm Water Solid Waste Facility Planning Design Construction Management Hazardous Materials Water/Energy Audits Air Emissions and Odors Regulatory Compliance Land-Use Permitting/CEQA e: BobChrobak@KennedyJenks.com t: 415.243.2150 www.KennedyJenks.com/wine OUR SERviCES inCLUDE: 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2010 2011 2012 Concentrations of free-form (A) and bound-form β-damascenone (B) in Pinot Noir grapes with different vineyard leaf-removal treatments from 2010 to 2012, and Mean±SD are presented (n=5). Different letters indicates a difference in means between treatments using Tukey HSD mean separation at √=0.05. Leaf removal treatments include the following: None (no leaf removal), 100% (all leaves in cluster zone removed), 50% (half of the leaves in cluster zone removed) and IS (industry standard where leaves are only removed from the cluster zone on the east side of the canopy). Concentration (µg/Kg berry) Year β-DAMASCENONE CONCENTRATION IN GRAPES b a a a a a a b b b ab n IS n None n 50% n 100% 10 8 6 4 2 0 2010 2011 2012 Concentration (µg/Kg berry) Year b a b a a a ab b b n IS n None n 50% n 100% A B a b Gomberg, Fredrikson & Associates Market Research For e Wine Industry Products include: · The Gomberg-Fredrikson Report: "The Executive Marketing Report of the Wine Industry" · WineData Wine Pricing Report: Competitive supplier pricing for more than 13,400 products · Distributor Market Service: Gain a competitive advantage by analyzing your position in the wholesale market www.gfawine.com • 707.940.3922 • inquiry@gfawine.com We perform extensive market research and data collection to create the wine industry's leading databases and reports