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118 W i n e s & V i n e s n O V e M B e r 2 0 1 4 WineEast grapegrowing to bud break delay ranging from three to 10 days compared to the control. None of the treatments resulted in negative effects on yield or fruit characteristics. A controlled laboratory experiment was also conducted where single bud cuttings were forced in 200 mg/L 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate and 2% sucrose at 25°C under 12-hour days. Treatments of one, two and three applications of Amigo Oil and 1,000 mg/L NAA were applied to single buds at weekly intervals. Days until bud break were recorded, and treatment- related bud break delays were observed. Two and three applications of oil delayed bud break from 14 to 24 days. All NAA treatments led to bud delay ranging from six to nine days. grapegrowers in climates with the potential for late spring freezes may consider the use of Amigo Oil or NAA as a potential means to protect their vines from frost injury. Grapevine breeding A grape genetics group was recently estab- lished at Missouri State University with a focus on Missouri's main cultivar, Norton (V. aestivalis). Koushik Adhikari et al., of Missouri State University, Springfield, reported on identification of hybrids of Norton-based populations using molecular markers. Norton is a commercial red wine grape cultivar that can be grown in regions with high disease pressure and cold winter temperatures where V. vinifera is difficult to grow. The unique characteristics of fungal disease resistance in Norton render it an ideal candidate to generate interspecific hybrids with improved viticultural perfor- mance and enological quality. This study involved crossing Norton with Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Pinot Noir, Merlot and the interspecific hybrid Vi- gnoles. True hybrids were identified using microsatellite markers and single nucleo- tide polymorphism markers generated from genotyping by sequencing. A high percent- age of hybrids were acquired in all crosses (70% to 93%), except for Norton x Merlot (16.6%), where all the non-hybrids showed the Norton microsatellite banding patterns, indicating a probable emasculation error resulting in self-pollinated plants. This work emphasizes the efficiency of molecular markers that can be used to greatly ac- celerate the breeding process and allow a much more accurate selection of progeny. Perhaps in the near future Norton x V. vinif- era hybrids will be available for planting in Missouri vineyards. Does Norton = Cynthiana? Mia Mann et al. of Missouri State Uni- versity, Springfield, posed the oft-asked question, "Are Norton and Cynthiana synonyms?" Mann and her colleagues are Wine Packaging by Packaging Designed & Manufactured by a Wine Maker, for a Wine Maker 4138 Vineyard Road Stewartstown, PA 17363 Tel: 800-292-3370 Fax: 717-993-9460 Phone: 717-993-2431 Naylor Wine Cellars is a lifetime member of Wine America, Pennsylvania Wine Assoc, Ohio Wine Producers and NY Wine & Grape Foundation WPN is a premier supplier to over 2,000 wineries and wine & spirits shops. Our auto bottom carriers & shippers are the perfect sturdy solution for your retail & online sales! www.NaylorPackaging.com Features & Benefits - Extra sturdy construction for the most protection - Quick & easy to pack & set up - Folds to conform to many different bottles - Trademarked design - Bio-degradable - Quick delivery from our stock - Lies flat for easy storage - Takes up half the space of comparative packages - Tested & approved by UPS and Federal Express as a preferred method of shipping bottles - Custom imprinting and packaging is available to display your logo, enhancing your brand image Amigo Oil application caused bud break to be delayed 14 to 24 days in Edelweiss vines.