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WineEast consumption of cider in Massachusetts was 35 gallons per capita. By the early 19th century, northern New Jersey was the Napa Valley of cider production; Essex County, N.J., alone produced 198,000 barrels of cider in 1810. While Thomas Jefferson tried valiantly to grow grapes in Virginia, his daily beverage was cider, not wine. At that time, wine was primarily imported, and consequently it was expensive and not available for consumption by the average citizen. Beer also was not as easy to make and was more expensive than cider. The Industrial Revolution in the 1800s changed the kinds of beverages that people drank in the United States. As grain became more widely produced on farms in the Midwest, and mechanized equipment allowed for larger farms, beer became the daily beverage of choice, and cider fell out of favor. In addition, apple breeders in the 19th century actively worked to select apples for dessert and culinary uses, while the bitter, tannic and astringent qualities in apples that helped to produce good hard cider were consciously eliminated. By the Winemaking English Cider Apple Categories Cider apples Low acid <0.45% High acid >0.45% Low tannin <0.2% Sweet Sharp High tannin >0.2% Bittersweet Bittersharp end of the century, consumption of hard cider had dropped dramatically. Other societal factors had an impact on cider, including the rise of the temperance movement in the late 1800s, which associated hard cider and applejack with brandy. In 1920 Prohibition officially put an end to the consumption of hard cider. Hard cider did not begin to re-emerge in the U.S. until the 1980s and early 1990s, and cider is now seen as a low-alcohol beverage with excellent potential for sales growth. English cider Both England and France have long traditions of cider production that go back hundreds (if not thousands) of years. Cider was made in England during the occupation by the Roman Empire; the cider used local crabapples and Need a Better Cork Supplier? All Natural Cork Closures Fresh Corks Directly From Portugal 4th Generation Family Cork Producer Free Branding Free Shipping Free iS Better Ask about our Progressive Discounts Experience the Slimcork® Advantage culinary apples brought to the country by the Roman legions. The style of cider depended on the apples available, local tastes and the methods used by the maker. During the 17th century, English landowners made a conscious effort to improve cider apples so that the finished cider would have more similarity to wine produced from Vitis vinifera grapes. The long-term selection of domestic seedling trees that produced tannic fruit as well as the importation of some cider apple trees from France resulted in an increase in the typical astringency of cider so that it tasted more like wine. In England, cider apples are categorized into four types according to their acidic and bitter/astringent taste (see English Cider Apple Categories, above). The acidity in miwinebarrel Stainless Steel & Oak Wine Barrels... Midwest, East Coast, Great Lakes, Canada... miwinebarrel.com CALL TODAY phone (203) 681-7743 Cell (860) 335-0667 email: reliablecork@gmail.com www.reliablecorksolutions.com We now also provide... Custom Stainless Steel Tanks! 734.398.2028 78 W in es & V i ne s J U LY 2 0 13