Issue link: http://winesandvines.uberflip.com/i/696561
38 WINES&VINES July 2016 WINEMAKING PRACTICAL WINERY & VINEYARD world. The typing of these organisms by re- striction profile and similarity analysis shows the existence of two main genetic groups. The sequencing of eight regions of the genome— along with the analysis of repeated se- quences—confirms the existence of these two genetic groups. Studies of evolutionary relationships show these two main groups evolved somewhat in- dependently of each other, and it is likely that certain subgroups are linked to geographic regions and others to wine types. 8 The wine LAB cultures selected for starters are in the same or closely related groups. However, other strains apparently less well adapted to wine are also present in these groups. The robustness of this information is undeniably based on the number of strains and their origins as well as the quality of tests used to demonstrate evolutionary relationships. Research on the stress response of wine LAB mainly has targeted the pH, alcohol level and (more important) overall composition and variability of wine itself. A number of stress proteins have been identified—either free within the cell or bound to its membrane. These stress proteins exhibit such varied functions as thermal shock response, facili- tating the assembly or disassembly of other molecules (chaperone), toxin production, SIBYLLE KRIEGER GROWTH OF WINE YEAST AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 10 8 10 7 10 6 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 0 Viable Cells (CFU/mL) Alcoholic Fermentation Harvest Transport Storage Malolactic Fermentation LAB microflora in the must usually includes several Lactobacillus species, along with Pediococcus and Oenococcus oeni. In general, the higher the pH the greater the microbial diversity during alcoholic fermentation. Yeast Oenococcus oeni Lactobacillus Pedioccus Gluconobacter Acetobacter Gomberg, Fredrikson & Associates Market Intelligence for the Wine Industry · The Gomberg-Fredrikson Report: Put your business in context with wine industry market trends. · WineData Wine Pricing Report: Make competitive price positioning comparisons. · Distributor Market Service: Gain a competitive advantage by analyzing the wholesale market www.gfawine.com • 707.940.3922 • inquiry@gfawine.com We perform extensive market research and data collection to create the wine industry's leading databases and reports. Our reports reflect real-world factors and provide business leaders consistent information on which to base decisions. Spontaneous Oenococcus Selected ML culture SO 2 SO 2