Issue link: http://winesandvines.uberflip.com/i/66137
GRAPE GRO WING an arthropod and produce mycelia that literally fill up the body cavity of the host, killing it. Some microbials do not kill their host but render it ineffective as a pest. For example, there is a nematode parasite of a Monterey Pine wood wasp pest that enters the female wasp larva, migrates to where the ovaries will form when the larva pupates, then produces young nema- todes that enter the wasp eggs forming in the ovaries of the adult wasp. So instead of laying viable eggs, the female wood wasp lays eggs that contain a nematode rather than a wasp embryo. The nematode emerges from the egg, finds new wood wasp larvae to infest and the cycle starts One characteristic that a biochemical active ingredient must possess in order to be registered as a biopesticide is that it cannot be directly toxic to the pest. mones are very common in some groups such as moths. Commercially available pheromones are synthetic copies of the pheromone released by the females. A syn- thetic pheromone is released into the air in such quantities that it confuses the males so they cannot find the females, hence the use of the phrase "pheromone confusion" to describe this pest-management ap- proach. Pheromone confusion is very con- venient because it will only affect the target pest. Examples of commercially available Highlights • The biopesticides market is growing at a rate of 50% per year as growers overcome their skepticism about these naturally derived chemicals. • Good coverage and exact timing of sprays is critical for biopesticides to be efficacious. • Biopesticides are compatible with many conventional pesticides so they can be tank mixed. all over again. The nematode does not kill the wood wasp larva or adult but sterilizes the adult female. Microbials effective in controlling fun- gal diseases do so using a range of modes of action that are specific to the microbi- al species. Some are effective in control- ling pathogens by colonizing the plant surface first but without causing dam- age to the plant, preventing the patho- gen from getting established on the plant surface. In other cases the microbial will produce compounds that interfere with germination of the spores or growth of the pathogen. Pheromones are volatile compounds released by females of many insect spe- cies for the purpose of attracting their male counterparts so that mating can oc- cur. Pheromones are effective at very low volumes and are species-specific, meaning the pheromone released by the female of one species is not attractive to the males of another species. Not all insect species use pheromones for mating. However, phero- OneBirdGardSuperPROWireless broadcast distress calls up to 1000 ft in all directions. And one Controller/transmitter can control up to eight 4-Speaker Wireless Receivers. No need to buy 8 complete Bird Gard SuperPROs. Each 4-SpeakerWireless Receiver protects up to 6 acres. Buy 2, 3, 4, up to eight 4-SpeakerWireless Receivers. You get not only wireless speakers, but also the distress calls randomly jump from speaker to speaker keeping the birds from getting used to the sounds. One BirdGard SuperPRO Controller/transmitter&one 4-SpeakerWireless Receiver is $750. Each additional 4-SpeakerWireless Receiver that covers up to 6 acres is $350. More and more vineyard managers are replacing netting with the Bird Gard PRO series. can control birds inupto48acres The Bird Gard SuperPRO Controller/transmitter can "Last year we got the SuperPROWireless. Had the starling flocks been there, we would have lost $20,000-$30,000 worth of grapes," Manager, Hazlitt 1852 Vineyards r JWB Marketing LLC birddamage.com 800.555.9634 BidGar Wielr ess d Wines & Vines JULY 2011 61