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WineEast wine. I always give my wines one to two weeks after a negative malic acid reading before adding SO2 and cooling things down. This gives the bacteria a chance to mop up any trace amounts of malic acid as well as allowing the diacetyl to moderate. Direct addition LAB should be stored in your refrigerator or freezer until needed to maintain the highest viability. If you use only a partial packet, it should be immediately taped closed and re- turned to your freezer. Follow the supplier's rehydration instructions carefully. I generally will dissolve the contents in wine just prior to adding for better dispersion. If the recommended inoculum level is used, fermentation should begin inside of a week, provided you've tended to the bacteria's needs as we've outlined. Every time I inoculate a tank or barrel with direct-addition LAB, I catch myself smiling with the recollection of the old days. The agar slants, sterile apple juice, microscopes and the waiting that were part and parcel of the job now are as easy as tearing open a packet. More importantly though, as cool-climate winemakers serving a public accustomed to warmer climate wines, MLF can play an important role in naturally bringing our wines into balance with what the marketplace demands. WE Chris Stamp is president and winemaker at Lakewood Vineyards in Wat- kins Glen, N.Y. He started his career in wine as winemaker at Plane's Ca- yuga Vineyards in the Finger Lakes, and in 1986 took a position as enology research and extension associate at the Ohio Agricultural Research Develop- ment Center in Wooster, Ohio. When his family opened Lakewood Vineyards winery in 1988, he returned to New York to become the winemaker there. - SIHA YEAST - References 1. Davis, C.R., D. Wibowo, T.H. Eschenbruch, and G.H. Fleet. 1985. Practical Impli- cations of Malolactic Fermentation: A Review. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 36:290-301. 2. Myer, K. and U. Vetsch (1978) Biologischer Saureabbau im Wein. Selektivwirkung der schwetligen Saure. Schweiz. Z. Obst. Weinbau. 114: 642-7. 3. Krieger, S.A., W.P. Hammes, and T. Henick-Kling. 1990. Management of Malolac- tic Fermentation Using Starter Cultures. Vineyard and Winery Management. Nov./ Dec. 45-50. 4. Haag, B., S. Krieger and W.P. Hamme (1988) Hemmung der starterkulturen zur Einleitung des biologischen Saureabbaus Jurch Spritzmittelruckstande im Wein. Die Weinwissenschaltt. 4: 261-78. 5. Krieger, S.A., W.P. Hammes, T. Henick-Kling. 1993 How to Use Malolactic Starter Cultures in the Winery. Wine Industry Journal. May 154. 6. King, S.W. and Beelman, R.B. 1986. Metabolic Interactions Between Saccharo- myces cerevisiae and Leuconostoc oenos in a Model Grape Juice/Wine System. Am. J. Enol. and Vitic. 37(1):53-60. 7. Du Toit, M., and I.S. Pretorius. 2000. Microbial Spoilage and Preservation of Wine: Using Weapons from Nature's Own Arsenal-A Review. S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic. 21:74-96. 8. Fleet, G.H., and S. Lafon-Lafourcade. 1984. The Ecology of Yeasts and Lactic Acid Bacteria Associated with Bordeaux Wines. In: Lee, T.H., and C.S. Somers, (Eds). Advances in Viticulture and Oenology for Economic Gain. Proc. 5th Aust. Wine Ind. Tech. Conf. 29 Nov-1 Dec 1983. Perth. The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia. 9. Vivas, N., A. Lonvaud-Funel, Y. Glories, and M. Augustin. 1997b. Effect of Malolactic Fermentation in Barrels and Tanks on Red Wine Composition and Qual- ity. Practical Winery and Vineyard Journal. May/June: 68-77. 10. "Scott Fermentation Handbook 2011." Scott Laboratories Inc. USA. Pg. 55. 11. Kunkee, R.E. 1968. Simplified Chromatographic Procedure for Detection of Malolactic Fermentation. Wines & Vines. 49(3): 23-24. Costello, P. J., G. J. Morrison, T. H. Lee, and G. H. Fleet. 1985. Numbers and Species of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Wines During Vinification. Food Technol. Aust. 35:14-18. Vance_Jan11.qxp 11/23/10 9:29 AM Page 1 Henick-Kling, T., T. Acree, B.K. Gavitt, S.A. Krieger and M.H. Laurent (1993) Sen- sory Aspects of Malolactic Fermentation. Eighth Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 1992; Winetitles, Adelaide. Eastern Distributor for Beco Filter Sheets, Siha Yeast, EvOAK Oak Alternatives, Parker-dh Membranes, Chillers, N2 Generators, Zander Air Products Wines & Vines JUne 2012 65 O AK ALTERNATIVES - BECOPAD - DECAN TERILE FILTRATION - WATER FILTRATIO T E R CENTRIFUGES - S N