Issue link: http://winesandvines.uberflip.com/i/314400
W i n e s & V i n e s J U n e 2 0 1 4 31 g R A p e g R O W I n g and management implications are on the right side, and the timeline when the event occurs during the year is indicated by a col- ored line in the body of the calendar. The last chapter in part one covers abiotic disorders and injuries. I have found diagnosing some of these to be challenging, so the descriptions and photos are very helpful. They are grouped into the following categories: growth problems, water deficits, weather- related disorders, spray damage, herbicide damage and physiological problems. There is even a photo of a lightning strike in a vine- yard. Now that is what I call thorough. Part two, diagnostic techniques, reminds the reader that an accurate diagnosis in the vineyard only occurs when the damage or symptoms are correctly associated with a specific causal agent, conditions that exist in the vineyard, or are a result of certain farming practices. This involves consider- ation of all factors associated with crop production and how they may interact. These include site characteristics, potential pests, nutrition, soil physical and chemical composition as well as water quality and water management. Also included in this part are general guidelines for collecting samples for lab analyses. An accurate diag- nosis of a problem depends on getting a representative sample—particularly for nutrient issues in the soil or vine. I know from my own experience, when one is in the vineyard and in a hurry, it is so tempting to cut corners on sampling. However, cut- ting corners can result in a misdiagnosis, deciding there is no problem when there is one, or vice versa. There is a section about lab testing, including a nice table with guidelines for sampling and disease testing, including when to test, what tissue to sample and the diagnostic methods used in the lab. Part three covers what many would con- sider to be the most challenging pest prob- lems for California grapegrowers: the diseases. All of the relevant information from the 1992 edition is there along with a great deal of new information. For exam- ple, due to the past decade's worth of grower-funded research about Pierce's dis- ease and the glassy-winged sharpshooter, a lot more is known about each. There is, of course, a very detailed section about pow- dery mildew, which is the focus of much of the disease-management efforts in Califor- nia vineyards. This includes a very useful table about the UC Davis powdery mildew risk index calculations and treatment guidelines for various spray materials such as sulfur, biologicals, SARs (systemic acquired resistance materials), demethyl- ation inhibitors (DMIs), strobilurins, and quinolones. There is also a section about fungicide resistance management based on the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) numbering system. There is a very good chapter about viruses, which have dramatically increased in importance since 1992. This is due to growers moving away from using own-rooted vines and increased use of grafted plants and different root- stocks. Some viruses were latent on own- rooted plants but expressed disease when grafted to certain rootstocks. So virus prob- lems were unknowingly put in vineyards via contaminated planting stock. Being an entomologist at heart, part four—Insect and Mite Pests—is my favorite section. It is huge, covering 258 pages. In contrast there are only 106 pages devoted TTB LABEL APPROVALS Low per-label costs Gov't. Liaison Negotiations or Footwork Reasonable Hourly Rates TRADEMARK SEARCHES As Low as $185 Your trade names or designs are searched at the U.S. Patent Office to help establish valuable ownership or avoid costly legal liability. Over 100 years' total staff experience handling every government liaison need for industry. Phone or write for details. 200 N. Glebe Rd., Suite 321 Arlington, Virginia 22203 Phone: (703) 524-8200 Fax: 525-8451 TOLL-FREE 1-800-642-6564 Major Credit Cards Accepted www.trademarkinfo.com Since 1957 GovtLiaison_Dir08 11/29/07 2:00 PM Pag See more nets in our 2010 catalog online @ www.spectrellising.com 800-237-4594 Quality Counts When The grower-friendly SideneT PermaNet • Reduced installation costs – leave permanently attached to wire • Reinforced edges with eyelets for easier installation • Long lasting (10-year UV warranty): reduces replacement net costs • Small mesh size offers sunburn protection while allowing airflow • 100% lockstitch design eliminates tears, thread separation, bird damage • Extra heavy yarn construction for extreme durability PermaNet Gives You All These Benefits: Introducing Some viruses were latent on own-rooted plants but expressed disease when grafted to rootstocks.