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p r a c t i c a l w i n e r y & v i n e ya r d a p r i l 2 0 1 4 61 g r a p e g r o w i n g Euro-Machines, Inc. West: Fairfield, CA 94534 - Phone 707-864-5800 East: Culpeper, VA 22701 - Phone 540-825-5700 info@euromachinesusa.com www.euromachinesusa.com A subsidiary of Scharfenberger Company Germany Euro-Machines offers high-quality equipment based on your vision to bring out the best of every vine, with our proven history in the careful handling of grapes and together our love of good wine. Europress 6-320 hl Europress-Cool with cooling jacket Euroselect berry selector Destemmer crushers Sorting equipment Conveyor belts Vibrating tables Custom-made tanks Pumps Braud grape harvesters and much more Get the best out of your grapes. The Europress exclusively by Euro-Machines For example, the Chardonnay vineyard in Napa, Calif. (Figure 2), had a signifi- cant spore load all season long, which Figure 2: A spore-trapping report from Coastal Viticultural consultants for a Chardonnay vineyard in Carneros, Calif. Blue line is daily high temperature, and red line is daily Gubler-Thomas index on the left y-axis. Green bars indicate no powdery mildew detection, and yellow bars indicate powdery mildew detection and concentration of the right y-axis. Figure 2: Carneros Chardonnay Vineyard 2013 Powdery Mildew Spore Trap Report GPM Spore Count Prepared by Coastal Viticultural Consultants, Inc. Weather Data Source: Carneros CIMIS — High Temp — Powdery Mildew Index ■ Positive GPM ■ No GPM Detected Temperature (F)/Mildew Index 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1M 100k 10k 1k 100 10 1 resulted in Coastal Viticultural Consul- tants making recommendations to adjust sprayer speed and application intervals and alter cultural practices. Both of these approaches resulted in better disease con- trol than in previous years. Francesca Hand (Doug Gubler 's group), in conjunction with local crop- production advisors, tested the inoculum detection technology in Fresno, Napa, Monterey, Sacramento, Solano and Sonoma counties of California in 2010 -12. Unlike in Oregon and Washington, the traps were only collected on a weekly basis and shipped to their lab in Davis, Calif., for processing. They found that spore detection occurred prior to visual symptoms. Similar to observations in Oregon, they did not find a significant relationship of disease incidence or sever- ity to spore density. The lack of correlation in California and Oregon is likely a function of how weather impacts conidia development and not just the amount of infected tis- sue. This suggests that knowledge of spore concentration throughout the growing season could be useful in more accurately estimating risk of disease spread and whether fungicide applica- tion intervals need to shorted or extended. It also indicates that we need to signifi- cantly improve our understanding of the