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6 W i n e s & V i n e s A P R i L 2 0 1 4 A P R I L — N I N T H A N N U A L O A K A L T E R N A T I V E S I S S U E 40 59 D E P A R T M E N T S Contributors 4 Editor's Letter 8 West Coast Drought Watch, Episode 3. By Jim Gordon Wine Industry Metrics 10 Wine Sales Increase and Job Activity Rises 21%; Off-Prem- ise Sales Continue 7% Climb; Flash Offers for Wine Stable. Top Stories 14 Treasury Appoints CEO; Eastern Wine Industry Grows; Despite Rains, California Drought Continues. In the News 16 Premiere Auction Nets $5.9 Million; Oregon Pulls Ahead With DtC Sales; Record Har- vest for Washington; Ste. Mi- chelle Buys Oregon Vineyard; How Green Are Wine Bottles? Product News 26 Faces & Forums 28 Grounded Grapegrowing 32 Vineyard Irrigation With a Limited Supply of Water. By Glenn McGourty Inquiring Winemaker 36 Will Barrels Go the Way of Floppy Disks? By Tim Patterson Advertisers' Index 82 News from Eastern North America 75 Turning Lead into Gold?; Impact of Cold-Climate Grapes Hits $401 Million. Winter Survival of Vidal Blanc Vines for Ice Wine 78 Study investigates whether cluster thinning and pruning have an effect on crop level. W I N E E A S T I N W I N E S & V I N E S W I N E M A K I N G The Winery of the Future 52 UC Davis professors consider how to harness technology for efficiency and sustainability. Spring Sap Flow 56 Studying the role of soil moisture at bud break. Why 'Per Acre' Spray Dose No Longer Applies 58 Considering planting density for calibration. Contain Powdery Mildew 59 Improving the management of this grapevine pest using new tools and knowledge. Tasting Basics, About Smell 69 Helpful guide to train winery staff, sales reps. Ramping Up Your Wine Lab 46 The second installment in a wine laboratory series discusses equipment and procedures. W I N E R Y E Q U I P M E N T An Alternative for Every Decision 40 The spectrum of oak barrel alternative products grows wider and more precise. C O V E R S T O R Y 46 154 C O V E R I N G N O R T H A M E R I C A REGIONS FEATURED IN THIS ISSUE CALIFORNIA EAST CENTRAL NORTHWEST