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64 WINES&VINES September 2016 GRAPEGROWING WINE EAST - B E C O PA D - Y E A S T & E N Z Y M E S - C R U S H PA D E Q U I P M E N T - S T E R I L E F I LT R AT I O N - W I N E R Y H O S E - O A K A LT E R N AT I V E S Grape Juice for Winemaking • California • Italy • Chile • South Africa Bulk Wine— CA North Coast • Drums • Totes • Tankers CFP Winemakers Fruit Juice for Winemaking • Year-around availability • 15 varieties Wine Grapes • California • Chile • South Africa Logistic Solutions • Coast to Coast CFP Winemakers, Pittsbugh PA www.cfpwinemakers.com • 412-232-4507 EASTERN WINE LABS Serving the Analytical needs of East Coast Wineries WWW.EASTERNWINELABS.COM Ph 609-859-4302 Cell 609-668-2854 chemist@easternwinelabs.com AOAC Member EasternWineLab_Mar09.qxp 1/22/09 9:47 AM Page 1 from foundation to final product, are tested to ensure they haven't been re-infected in the field. The pipeline Generating and disseminating traceable and audited planting ma- terial requires a national infrastruc- ture. The NCPN was established to bring existing clean plant centers into a coordinated national network focused on providing healthy plant- ing stock to specialty crops (includ- ing grapes) to nurseries and growers. Through five clean plant centers in California, Washington, New York, Missouri and Florida, the NCPN-Grapes has focused on sup- porting virus elimination and test- ing to produce clean foundation material to nurseries. Now, eight years later, material resulting from this investment is making its way through the pipeline to commercial nurseries in New York. Clean plant centers use virus elimination and a battery of testing methods to detect pathogens and clean up accessions. This process takes time. By the time an accession is ready to be planted to a certified foundation block, it's been through indexing and testing (two to three years), and possibly tissue culture therapy (two to three years), a pro- cess that ends up producing two to six vines in a foundation block at Foundation Plant Services (FPS at the University of California, Davis), the Clean Plant Center of the North- west (Prosser, Wash.) or the Mis- souri Clean Plant Center (Missouri State University, Mountain Grove). These vines are the source of certi- fied budwood distributed to nurser- ies and growers. From start to finish, it can take up to 10 years for a new, imported accession to be certi- fied and start producing bud- wood for nurseries to propagate and distribute. Nurseries then establish their own mother blocks with budwood sourced from and traceable to cer- tified foundation blocks. These blocks are audited through visual inspections and, in some cases, through testing by state depart- ments of agriculture. In three to four years, mother blocks are then able to supply cuttings to produce commercial vines. For own-rooted two- to three-bud cuttings, it's es- timated that each vine in the mother block can produce 50-75 cuttings. For grafted vines, both the scion and rootstock must be traceable to be certified, but the scion vines can produce more bud- wood (100-150) for grafting. New York state certification program The Division of Plant Industry in the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYS- DAM) has been working with Cor- nell University and New York state nurseries to reinstate a vine-certi- fication program under "Part 150: Voluntary Program for the Produc- tion of Virus-Tested Plant Materi- als." Certification of grapevines in New York was initiated in 1973 but was reduced in the 1980s and completely eliminated in the 1990s, largely due to low industry demand at the time. Virus certifi- cation of grapevines is being rein- stated in New York in response to renewed industry interest. Follow- ing several years of planning, the program is expected to be opera- tional in 2016. Under this certification pro- gram, NYSDAM will screen nurs- ery increase blocks for viruses that cause economic losses and autho- rize certification tags on nursery stock that meets standards. Pro- gram elements will include: Source material: Plant mate- rial for inclusion in nursery mother blocks will be sourced through NCPN Clean Plant Centers in Cali- fornia (FPS) and Washington (Clean Plant Center for the North- west at Prosser, Wash.), or from material from other sources that has Nurseries will incur added expenses associated with the testing and certification program and will likely have to charge a premium.