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WineEast will help to avoid injury. Can rootstocks help the cause? There are certainly indirect effects of rootstocks that may help a vine to resist cold injury or delay bud break. A pioneer grower in the Endless Mountains is experimenting with Riparia R-39 (selected within the Arctic Circle) and ES1553 (an Elmer Swenson selection) that he hopes will directly impart cold hardiness to the scion. Certainly Ri- paria Gloire, Slate Quarry Riparia and other devigorating rootstocks may help the vine to ripen fruit earlier and acclimate better. More research would be very welcome in this area. Two growers in northeastern Pennsylvania have experimented with dormant oils to delay bud break, following recommendations from the University of Nebraska. One said he had good results while the other's results were negligible, but the number of applications appears to affect the results. Growers also claim that prophylactic applications of copper have helped. In California, products such as Frostgard are used. It is difficult to quantify the efficacy of many of these measures; it is likely that the "feel good because I'm doing something" effect is probably at work here. Double pruning is another traditional method for gaining a few days of delayed bud break. It is important to note that anything you do to delay bud break will exact a price at the end of the season— likely with a later harvest date as a result, with its inherent risks and concerns. Yet another compromise. Clean vine materials are important to cool- and especially critical to cold-climate winegrowing. Crown gall is a serious problem in cold-climate vineyards, and every effort should be ATTENTION SHIPPERS, GROWERS, & WINERIES M&M WINE GRAPE CO. juicegrape.com The Sourcing & Transportation of Premium Wine Grapes is Our Specialty GRAPE SOURCING • by Variety • by Appellation • by Specification From premium grape growing areas including: Amador, Mendocino, Napa, Suisun Valley, Clements Hills, Lodi, Central Valley, WA State, Chile S.A. and others WINERY SUPPLY All Equipment & Supplies necessary for all phases of winemaking. Combine with your grape purchase and save $$$ TRANSPORTATION • logistical network operating daily from coast to coast • over 20 years experience in moving product from point A to point B Grapegrowing Cool- and cold-climate resources Pl ocher, Thomas A.; Parke, Robert J. Northern Winework: Growing Grapes and Making Wine in Cold Climates. Hugo, Minn.: Northern Winework, 2008. Print. To m Plocher's Northern Winework website: northernwinework.com/cms/ Za badal, Tom, et al. Winter Injury and Methods of Protection. Michigan State Extension Publication 2930. 2007. migarden.msu.edu/uploads/files/8/ e2930.pdf Ja ckson, David. Monographs in Cool Climate Viticulture 2. Wellington, NZ. Daphne Brasell Assoc. with Gypsum Press, 2001. Sm iley, Lisa; Domoto, Paul; Nonnecke, Gail. Cold Climate Cultivars: A Review of Cold Climate Grape Varieties. Iowa State University. viticulture.hort. iastate.edu/cultivars/cultivars.html Co ld Hardy Grapes. University of Minnesota. grapes.umn.edu/index.html Berkett, Lorraine. Cold Climate Grape Production. University of Vermont. uvm.edu/pss/grape Am erican Society for Enology and Viticulture: Cold Hardiness Workshop. Conference Proceedings. 2000. Ker, Kevin. KCMS Applied Research and Consulting. Ontario. kcms.ca/ default.asp Visit the Pennsylvania Wine Grape Network website at pawinegrape.com for more information. made to find certified crown gall-tested nursery materials. Under marginal conditions, maintaining a healthy vine free of viruses and the assortment of trunk diseases will greatly enhance the ability of vines to survive. Plant the best quality nursery stock possible. WE Mark L. Chien is statewide viticulture extension educator for the Penn State Cooperative Extension based in Lancaster, Penn. AS GOOD AS IT GETS. When your crop is down, your demand increased, or you're just starting out... M&M Wine Grape Co. is your source for quality products including fresh grapes, juice, and bulk wine. M&M Wine Grape Co. 101 Reserve Road Hartford, CT 06114 (877) 812-1137 sales@juicegrape.com 50 Wines & Vines sePTeMBeR 2011 Member of: mmwinefamily.com Natural Corks Champagne Corks Twinline Corks Bartops VISION® G-Cap® Wine Stopper Screw Cap Sales Representatives Chris & Liz Stamp info@lakewoodcork.com Lakewood Cork 4024 State Route 14 Watkins Glen, NY 14891 lakewoodcork.com 607-535-9252 607-535-6656 Fax