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WineEast wine he makes from Marquette and Fronte- nac. The two speakers in the Cabernet Franc session will be Mark Chien from Penn State Extension and Adam McTaggart from Boxwood Win- ery in Virginia. Virginia-based viticulturist Lucie Morton will present a session discussing the benefits and mechanics of close vine spacing and cane pruning. As she describes it, a new generation of vineyard growers is finding success in the production of dry table wines through the use of a classic European approach that starts with closer vine spacing. In addition to her own session, Morton will moderate a vineyard-spraying workshop with panelists Bryan Hed from Penn State and Dr. Andrew Landers from Cornell University. Dr. Landers will examine many of the new tech- niques that have been developed in recent years to improve the targeting of sprays and enhance spray coverage. Adam McTaggart Richard Carey of Vitis Research in Lancaster, Pa., and Shepherd Rouse of Virginia's Rockbridge Vineyards will evalu- ate new packaging and closure technology. The pair will discuss new ways for small and medium-sized eastern wineries to use a variety of non-cork closures. They'll also weigh the advantages, disadvantages, costs and trade-offs of non-glass packaging. Lisa Van de Water and Michael Jones will compare new and established microbiology technology and products. Van de Water, an internationally known consultant in wine microbiology, will discuss the integration of traditional and modern methods of tracking wine microbes during fermentation, cellaring and bottling. Jones, the point person in the field for the fermentation division of Scott Labs, will cover two relatively new products, chitosan (for treating wine contaminated with Brettanomyces), and three ways of using yeast encapsulated in alginate beads. Ed Boyce of Black Ankle Vineyards in Waterloo_Nov10.qxp 8/26/10 11:36 AM Page 1 Maryland, Stephen Rigby of Hauser Estate Winery in Pennsylvania and Tina Hazlitt of Sawmill Creek Vineyards in New York will con- sider how economic sustainability relates to choice of cultivars. According to Boyce, "The economics of cultivar choice is a multifac- eted concept, but in my experience, the best way to choose what to plant is to start with a market- ing plan for a wine and work backward from there. I will Stephen Rigby discuss the quality and consistency of the wine from 12 different vinifera cultivars that I grow, while factoring in customer perceptions of value for the different wines." Not many people are as knowledgeable about small winery economics as Dr. Gerald B. White, professor emeritus at Cornell University. His talk will include a review of the capital investment and cash flow for the first 10 years of a typical 10,000-case winery, various business models to consider and expected yields, grape prices and costs for the major vinifera and hybrid varieties of grapes grown in the East. For those who are Wines & Vines FeBRUARY 2012 73