Issue link: http://winesandvines.uberflip.com/i/804714
April 2017 WINES&VINES 43 PRACTICAL WINERY & VINEYARD BARRELS ECO-FRIENDLY PLASTIC STORAGE BINS PLASTIC CALLOUS BOXES FOR VINE CLEANLINESS Wonderful Nurseries' ADVANCED TESTING LAB WonderfulNurseries.com 661.758.4777 PREMIER QUALITY FROM NORTH AMERICA'S LEADING VINE NURSERY SERVING THE WINE, TABLE GRAPE, RAISIN AND PISTACHIO INDUSTRIES Leaders raise the bar in everything they do and that's why Wonderful Nurseries continues to set the industry standards for vine cleanliness, improved irrigation methods and product selection. In the last year alone, Wonderful Nurseries has completed a new, state-of the-art greenhouse facility to house 8 million-vines annually, changed from wood to eco-friendly recycled plastic storage bins and callous boxes, and introduced new sanitization techniques. From our 2010 Protocol mother blocks, our advanced testing lab enabling 100% scion testing for internal mother blocks, the innovative Root Sock and more, Wonderful Nurseries strives to provide the cleanest, healthiest vines in the industry. It's how we lead. It's how we grow. QTT II, QTT III and Glu-BA in Sessile and Pedunculate Oak"). For QTT I, the mean values were 413.5 ± 96.2 µg/g for sessile oak samples and 6.0 ± 2.7 µg/g for pedunculate oak. Similar re- sults were obtained for QTT II and QTT III, demonstrating that ses- sile oak was richer in QTTs than pedunculate oak. The Glu-BA mean concentra- tion was higher in pedunculate oak (795.3 ± 271.3 µg/g) than in sessile oak (24.4 ± 10.7 µg/g). Application of one-way analy- sis of variance revealed signifi- cant differences between species for all compounds (p-value less than 0.1 %). This trend was simi- lar for samples of different spe- cies coming from the same forest, suggesting that the botanical spe- cies had a predominant influence on triterpenoids composition of oak in comparison with geo- graphic location. These results could be of par- ticular interest regarding the or- ganoleptic effect of oak aging on wine taste. Indeed, QTT I, II and III develop a sweet taste, whereas Glu-BA has been described as bitter. The present study high- lighted that sessile oak contained m o r e s w e e t t r i t e r p e n o i d s , whereas pedunculate oak was richer in bitter triterpene. Although statistical tests re- vealed significant differences for mean concentration in QTTs and Glu-BA, some extreme val- ues of individual triterpenes were very close for sessile and pedunculate oak (see "Mean, Minimal and Maximum Values Observed in Sessile and Pedun- culate Oak"). For example, the minimal concentration in QTT II measured for sessile oak sam- ples was 23.6 µg/g, whereas the maximum value for peduncu- late oak samples was 44.1 µg/g. For Glu-BA, the maximum con- centration of sessile samples was 105.5 µg/g, and the mini- mum concentration was 36.0 µg/g for pedunculate samples. Mean amounts of QTTs and Glu-BA were respectively higher and lower in sessile oak than in pedunculate oak. High inter-in- dividual variations were observed within species for each triterpe- noid, as reflected by large confi- dence intervals. As a consequence, the individual quantification of each triterpenoid did not allow direct identification of the bo- tanical species. This limitation can be linked with observations concerning other compounds whose concentrations depend on botanical species. A significant number of sessile oak samples contained levels of β-methyl-γ-octalactone similar or even lower than pedunculate oak samples. 18 A similar trend was observed for ellagitannins. 20 None of these compounds (oak- lactone, ellagitannins or triterpe- noids) allow an unambiguous 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF QTT I, QTT II, QTT III AND GLU-BA IN SESSILE AND PEDUNCULATE OAK QTT I QTT II QTT III Glu-BA Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. *** significant p<0.001. Concentration (in µg/g) of wood Compound *** *** *** *** n Sessile n Pedunculate