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WineEast - SIHA YEAST - What's New in Research C. Rosa, J.F. Jimenez, P. Margaria and A. Rowhani. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic. 62:207-213 (2011). Contact the senior author through the Department of Plant Pathology at UC Davis: akrowhani@ucdavis.edu. Effect of methyl bromide alternatives on nematodes under replant conditions Eastern Distributor for Beco Filter Sheets, Siha Yeast, EvOAK Oak Alternatives, Parker-dh Membranes, Chillers, N2 Generators, Zander Air Products Wine Packaging by Naylor WPN is a premier supplier to over 2,000 wineries, wine & spirits shops & distributors in the US & Ca. Our automatic bottom wine carriers come in 2, 3, 4 & 6 bottle sizes. The perfect sturdy solution for your retail sales! These items are biodegradable & recyclable. We have Fed Ex & UPS approved shipping boxes for 750ML bottles. Don't trust your wine to anyone other than a winemaker. Wine Packaging by Naylor 4138 Vineyard Rd. Stewartstown, PA 17363 (800) 292-3370 sales@naylorwine.com Naylor Wine Cellars has been a winery for over thirty-five years & is a lifetime member of Wine America, Pennsylvania Wine Assoc., Ohio Wine Producers & the New York Wine & Grape Foundation. Product discounts given to Wine America & Ohio Wine Producer members. www.naylorpackaging.com 64 WINES & VINES AUGUST 2012 Preplant fumigants and nematode-resistant rootstocks were evaluated as alternatives to methyl bromide in a vineyard replant situation near Parlier, Calif., in the San Joaquin Valley. Two months after fumigation, Thompson seedless (own-rooted or on Freedom rootstock) and Merlot on 1103 Paulsen were planted. The treatments—1,3- dichloropropene + chloropicrin (578 kg/ha shank injected), iodomethane + chloropicrin (515 kg/ha shank injected or 448 kg/ha drip applied) and propargyl bromide (221 kg/ha shank injected or 207 kg/ha drip applied)—controlled root-knot and citrus nematodes equal to methyl bromide (507 kg/ha shank injected) during an eight-year evaluation period. Sodium azide (336 kg/ ha drip applied followed with either a water cap or tarp), metam sodium (124 kg/ha applied with microspray sprinklers) and chloropicrin alone (448 kg/ha drip applied) were less effective. The effects of fumigants on nematode control were very evident in the own- rooted Thompson seedless. The 1103P rootstock was partially tolerant to root-knot and citrus nematodes for the first three to four years, respectively, before nematode populations began to rebuild. Freedom rootstock proved to be highly resistant and kept root-knot nematode populations low during the eight-year evaluation. Authors indicated that preplant fumigation is still likely to be required in fields where citrus nematodes are present. Application of propargyl bromide and replanting with Merlot on 1103P was the only fumigant- rootstock combination that resulted in grape yield similar to the standard methyl bromide treatment. However, this effect was observed only during the first four years of fruit production. J.A. Cabrera, D. Wang, S.M. Schneider and B.D. Hanson. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic. 62:42-48 (2011). Contact the senior author through UC Riverside at (559) 596- 2851 or alfonsoc@ucr.edu. Grapevine necrotic union, a new disease in grapevines grafted on 110 Richter rootstock In Northern California, surveys of several Pinot Noir vineyards [(PN); clones 02A, 667, 777, and UCD 04] grafted to V. berlandieri x V. rupestris 110 Richter (110R), revealed that 2%-45% of vines had solid red leaf canopies and two distinct disease stages—i.e., full canopied plants with normal grape clusters (designated as acute) or stunted shoots and straggly bunches (designated as chronic.) In addition, the scion-rootstock junction of symptomatic grapevines had developed a necrotic union, hence the name "grapevine necrotic union" (GNU). Additionally, Chardonnay (clone 04, Yolo County) and Pinot Gris (clone 152, Monterey County) exhibited GNU-associated symptoms, with the exception of pale yellowed leaves. A detailed survey from 2004-09 was made in a sub-block (PN 02A Sonoma County, planted 1997) containing 664 grapevines in which initial incidence of GNU was 2.1% in 2004 and rose to 21.9% by 2009, suggesting secondary spread. Grapevine necrotic union is being regarded as an emerging disease of unknown etiology in California vineyards. Assays for grapevine viruses phytoplasmas and Xylella fastidiosa failed to detect a causal agent. Likewise, bud-chip inoculations of test plants of Cabernet Sauvignon scions on different rootstocks including 110R were inconclusive. Based on the results obtained so far, GNU is being regarded as an emerging disease of unknown etiology in California vineyards. M. Al Rwahnih, A. Rowhani, R.J. Smith, J.K. Uyemoto and M.R. Sudarshana. O AK ALTERNATIVES - BECOPAD - DECAN TERILE FILTRATION - WATER FILTRATIO T E R CENTRIFUGES - S N