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WineEast Parentage of Traminette V. rupestris Jaeger 70 Coudero noir C 71-20 BS 2667 Colonel V. lincecumii V. vinifera V. rupestris V. lincecumii Jaeger 70 S. 2 V. vinifera S. 85 Aramon V. Rupestris Ganzin Aramon Rupestris Ganzin 1 BS 872 V. riparia Taylor V. labrusca V. labrusca? V. riparia Clinton V. labrusca Othello Black Hamburg V. rupestris Noah Gaillard 2 BS 4825 Alicante Ganzin S 452 Jaeger 70 Cinsaut S1 S 4595 S 14 S 405 Aramon Rupestris Ganzin 4 Alicante Bouschet V. rupestris V. lincecumii Jaeger 70 V. vinifera V. rupestris V. lincecumii Aramon Aramon Rupestris Ganzin 1 Subereux (S. 6905) Traminette (NY 65 0533.13) S. 2 JS 23-416 S. 85 Jaeger 70 V. vinifera V. Rupestris Ganzin V. rupestris V. lincecumii Aramon Aramon Rupestris Ganzin 1 Gewürztraminer V. Rupestris Ganzin Bourrisquou S. 4199 C 132-11 S 2510 Alicante Ganzin Piquepoul Bourrisquou X V. rupestris V. rupestris V. lincecumii Herbemont d'Aurelles Jaeger 70 ridge S 2003 Taylor ead C 28-112 V. riparia V. labrusca Black Hamburg V. rupestris Othello Clinton V. riparia V. labrusca V. labrusca? V. labrusca Emily V. vinifera V. rupestris (Ganzin) Noah S 880 V. rupestris Alicante Bouschet k in k Chancellor S 7053 Aramon Aramon Rupestris Ganzin 4 (Othello X V. Rupestris) Gaillard 2 V. rupestris Blanc Royal S 5163 Aramon V. rupestris Traminette is derived from various Vitis rupestris and Vitis labrusca cultivars. quality wine production (e.g., vin de France and IGP in France). 3. When vinifera culture regained its potential (France) or when it was shown to be culturally acceptable (U.S. Great Lakes region), the status of hybrid grapes was affected. Hybrids then declined in popularity, either because of economic protectionism (France) or new confidence in commercial viability of vinifera as a high-quality commercial crop (U.S. Great Lakes region). l 4. The regions where vinifera are not commercially viable due to climate constraints continue to rely on hybrids. Further, once given the best viticulture and enology methods, many hybrid grapes produce wines of a quality and value that encourages further investment (e.g., Missouri and other continental regions where annual mid-winter temperatures fall below -25oF). What are the lessons learned? The economics of wine grape production Kinkead Ridge of Ripley, Ohio, is one of the Great Lakes-area wineries vinifying the French-American hybrid Traminette. suggest that all regions must produce wine grapes of two types: 1) those upon which the region can build a positive reputation, and 2) those that can be relied upon to pay the bills and keep the operation solvent. In most historic wine regions these may be the same grape cultivars. In others they may be different. In young regions this is still an active dynamic, but in either case, both types are critical economically. HT 2.5mm l spur jcane 1.2-1.5m 4-5 feet 40cm, 15 inches HT 2.0mm moveable wires jnail 1.5m 5 feet After winter pruning Summer shoot growth, leaves not illustrated High Cordon (Syn. Sylvoz, Hudson River Umbrella, Single Curtain, Notie). Dimensions: Post height 72 inches; fruit-bearing 72-inch top wire; optional pair of 48-inch mobile wires. Figure and dimensions after Jackson, 1997. HT = high-tensile wire. 76 W in e s & V i ne s F E B R UARY 20 14 foliage wire swinging arm is used to bring shoot down Geneva Double Curtain (Syn. GDC, Double Curtain). Cordon wire: 72 inches. Note the swinging arm variant for upright growing cultivars. After Jackson, 1997.