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58 WINES&VINES December 2017 GRAPEGROWING PRACTICAL WINERY & VINEYARD véraison and harvest. Boron showed the biggest differences between years among all nutri- ents measured, because total vine boron was higher at the begin- ning of the growing season in 2007 than in 2008 but reached a higher level by harvest in 2008. Despite numerous interactions between year and phenology upon the boron content in vari- ous vine parts, 10 boron was not remobilized from permanent vine parts to support early season canopy needs. Zinc: The majority of zinc uptake occurred from bloom to véraison, accounting for 56% of total up- take by fruit maturity, with lesser amounts taken up between bud break and bloom and between véraison and harvest. Scion trunks and fruiting canes had more zinc in 2008. Zinc accumulated to high levels in scion trunks, fruiting canes, shoots and petioles, as observed in other woody plants. The phys- iological benefit of accumulating high zinc levels in woody stems is not clear at this time. Zinc content increased to a small de- gree in woody roots and fruiting canes in each growing season, but the increases in shoots, leaves and clusters were much greater in magnitude and pri- marily increased whole vine con- tent. Once these tissues were harvested, senesced or pruned away, most of the zinc accumu- lated in the season was lost. Manganese and copper: Total vine manganese content in - creased from bud break to bloom, from bloom to véraison and from véraison to harvest, then declined from harvest to leaf fall. Manga- nese uptake was greatest be- tween bloom and véraison. Total vine copper content increased from bud break to bloom, from bloom to véraison and from vérai- son to harvest, then declined from harvest to leaf fall. Copper uptake was greatest between bloom and véraison. Nutrient quantities required by young Pinot Noir vines All nutrients examined were at healthy or adequate levels in the young vines based on leaf blade and petiole concentrations, al- though phosphorus status was low. 10 Therefore, the amount of each nutrient actually taken up provides a good estimate of young vine requirements. Fo u r - y e a r - o l d P i n o t N o i r grapevines grown with irrigation and carrying a typical crop level for western Oregon took up the equivalent of 12 pounds per acre of nitrogen, 3 pounds per acre of phosphorus, 25 pounds per acre of potassium, 27 pounds per acre of calcium, 4 pounds per acre of magnesium and 1.4 pounds per acre of sulfur by harvest. Quantities of micronutrients t a k e n u p b y h a r v e s t w e r e 1.2 ounces per acre of manganese, 0.70 ounces per acre of zinc, 0.34 ounces/acre of boron and 0.21 ounces per acre of copper. Older Pinot Noir vines took up similar quantities of nitrogen and potas- sium as young vines but took up less phosphorus and calcium, and more magnesium. 11 R. Paul Schreiner is a research plant physiologist based at the USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Ore. He thanks Matthew Scott, Jennifer Christie, Timothy Nam and Suean Ott for their technical assis- tance. Mention of trade names or com- mercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific in- formation and does not imply recom- mendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The references for this article are available online at winesandvines.com/features. You know how good your Zinfandel is... Promote your wines to leading Zinfandel enthusiasts and extend your winery's relationship in the market. JoinUs! We are champions of Zinfandel— America's Heritage Wine Become part of our proud legacy zinfandel.org • 530-274-4900 Zinfandel Advocates & Producers is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. ZAP is dedicated to advancing public knowledge of and appreciation for American Zinfandel and its unique place in our culture and history. All nutrients examined were at healthy or adequate levels in the young vines based on leaf blade and petiole concentrations, although phosphorus status was low. Your lender of choice for agricultural capital • Agricultural real estate since 1917 • Long-term fixed or adjustable rate mortgage financing • Real estate secured revolving line of credit • Competitive interest rates • Flexible terms and structuring Rates are attractive —contact us today. www.metlife.com/ag 559.435.0206 Agricultural Finance © 2016 METLIFE, INC.