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May 2015 P R A C T I C A L W I N E R Y & V I N E YA R D 83 May 2015 P R A C T I C A L W I N E R Y & V I N E YA R D 83 CONCORD GRAPE ESSENCE Spike up your products Fresh and strong Grape flavor & aroma We offer Industrial Fruit Ingredients OU Kosher / Organic Samples, specs and quotes from: HERB BARBER AND SONS 800-388-5384 / 716-326-4692 herb@herb-barber-sons.com Please check www.herb-barber-sons.com G R A P E G R O W I N G three years of study, we esti- mate that 4 ± 1 kg per hectare (3.6 ± 0.9 pounds per acre) of sulfur in the growing season and 123 ± 40 kg per hectare (109.8 ± 35.7 pounds per acre) of sulfur in the dormant sea- son are exported below the rooting zone in water flow paths leaving the vineyard (Table I). Measurement of sulfur content in soil samples col- lected before and after the dormant season documents the storage and movement of sulfur in the vineyard. Total sulfur content of surface soils decreased from 1,623 ± 354 kg per hectare (1,448.6 ± 316 pounds per acre) at the end of the growing season to 981 ± 526 kg per hectare (875.6 ± 469.5 pounds per acre) at the end of the dormant sea- son (Table I). The difference between the mean values supports that export of stored organic sulfur occurs during the dormant season. The per- sistence of organic sulfur in the soil profile following the wet dormant season demon- strates that it has a longer residence time within the vineyard than highly mobile SO 4 2- . Implications for sulfur management and down- stream ecosystems The aim of this study was to understand the chemical transformations, fate and residence times of the large, cumulative sulfur loads applied to vineyards each year. In general, the grow- ing season is characterized by rapid chemical reaction of applied sulfur and little transport of sulfur during irrigation events (Figure 2a), while the dormant season is characterized by export of SO 4 2- and organic sulfur during rainstorms of variable size and duration (Figure 2b). On an annual basis, sul- fur inputs to the study vine- yard are roughly equivalent to total sulfur export (Table 1). www.scottlab.com "Cleanliness is the basic condition for wine quality." - Emile Peynaud BENEFITS OF AIRD CLEANING PRODUCTS • Signifcant water savings since no citric rinse is required • Specially formulated for the wine industry • Effective at low doses over wide temperature ranges • No chlorine, other halogens, phosphates, silicates or fillers • Do not require hazardous shipping • Safer, less environmental impact than bulk chemical cleaners 2015 WINES & VINES DIRECTORY/BUYER'S GUIDE The most current and comprehensive guide to the wine and grape industry professionals, products and services in North America. In print with online access. ORDER TODAY winesandvines.com/order