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VintnersSupply_1-3v_VSC_Dec10.qxd 11/10/ w i n e G R O WIN G ™ A DIVISION OF MOECKLY ENTERPRISES, INC. FILTRATION & SEPARATION Figure 8: A PCA plot indicating the distribution of the treatments according to the sensory analyses results and chemical analyses where the morning side exposed treatment is indicated as "Morning" and the shaded treatments as "Shaded." PC-1 represents 47% variability when PC-2 represents 31% of variability. The figure shows a clear difference between wines from shaded and exposed treatments: a more one-dimension green-style wine, associated with IBMP, from shaded treatment, and a more complex wine from exposed-bunches treatment, associated with thiols. Depth Media Sheet Filters Membrane Filters Lenticular Housings IBMP in grape berry (ng/L) 35 30 25 20 15 10 Shaded Cartridge Filter Housings Cross-flow Filter Systems Recessed Plate & Rotary Drum Vacuum Filters Replacement Press Membrane and Filter Cloths Pumps, valves & fittings VINTNERS SUPPLY COMPANY P.O. Box 153 St. Helena, CA 94574 Toll Free 800.366.6809 Fax 707.584.7955 www.vintnerssupply.com 32 p racti c al w i ne ry & v i ne yard JANUARY 20 14 Sampling date Both sides exposed Figure 9: The concentration of IBMP (ng/L) in Merlot grape berries from Jan. 26, 2012, to harvest (Feb. 21, 2012) for the shaded and both sides exposed treatments. improving the resulting wine quality by decreasing IBMP concentration and increasing anthocyanins and polyphenols in the wine, 15 and enhancing the fruitiness of the wine. IBMP synthesis and degradation patterns are complex and can be influenced by many environmental conditions and canopy management practices. Early leaf removal (at the berry pea size phenological stage) is crucial to reduce the IBMP concentration in the grapes.9 Temperature is as important for the IBMP concentrations in grapes and can counteract the effect of light intensity in the fruit zone.10 Furthermore, high IBMP concentrations in Sauvignon Blanc wines may mask the fruitiness of the wine and may be considered a negative aroma, although mainly in red wines like Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. To reduce the pyrazine level in the berries and consequently in the wine, early (berry pea size) canopy manipulation can be applied in the fruit zone by removing all leaves and lateral shoots at a height of 0.3 to 0.4 m above the cordon in a VSP training system. In Sauvignon Blanc grape berries, no significant difference in the IBMP concentration at harvest was observed, whereas higher IBMP concentrations